Electric Charge
Electric charge is the fundamental property of subatomic particles. Electric charge is created due to electrons transfer.
When two materials are rubbed together electrons transfer take place. When the materials are rubbed together electrons can be literally rubbed off of from one object to the other object. This doesn’t ensure that any two materials rubbed together will cause electrons transfer. Some materials, which are much more likely to give away electrons, and others are much more likely to accept electrons.
Example: Electrons are transferred from fur (the short, fine, soft hair of certain animals.) to the other material when a piece of amber, plastic, polythene, or hard rubber is rubbed with fur. Fur loses electrons and gains a net positive charge and amber, plastic, and hard rubber acquire a net negative charge.
Hair combing charges the comb in the same way.
Sub Atomic Particles and charges
There are three fundamental or subatomic particles: protons, neutrons and electrons.Protons have a positive charge while electrons have a negative charge. Neutrons don't have any charge.
Properties of Electric Charges:
Consider the electric charges is really very small, termed as the point charge in order to understand at the properties of electric charge.
1. Additivity of Electric Charges
2. Conservation of Charges
3. Quantization of Charge
Additivity of Electric Charges:
Electric charges are scalar in nature and entire electric charge of a system is equal to the algebraic sum of electric charges located in the system.
Conservation of Charges
The conservation of charges states that the charges are neither created nor destroyed.
Quantization of Charge
Electric charges are defined as the integral multiple of the charge present on an electron(1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹), hence, in any system the charges will be,
Coulomb's law
Coulomb’s law staes that:
1. the force of attraction or repulsion between two charged bodies is directly proportional to the product of their charges.
2. Inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Where 'k' is Coulomb's constant and k = 9×10⁹ Nm²C⁻², k depends upon the medium between the charges.
Electric Field
The space or region around a charge Q ( called souce charge) in which an another charge q₀( called test charge) experiences a force is called electric field.
Electric Field Intensity
The electric field intensity at a point of any charge Q is the force experienced by a unit positive charge placed at that point.
Force on a charge q in electric fieldE
The magnitude of the electric force F on a charge q in an electric field E is equal to the product of the electric field and the charge of the particle
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| Electric Diapole |
Question 1: Find the number of electrons constituting one coulomb of charge.
Explanation:
Question 2: Which of the following is not the property of charge?
a) Charge is additive
b) A charge is self-destructive
c) Quantization of charge
d) Charge is conserved
Explanation:
Properties of electric charge are: 1. Additivity of Electric Charges,2. Conservation of Charges,3. Quantization of Charge
Question 3: Which among the following is the safest place during lightning?
a) Under a tree
b) High wall
c) House with lightning arrester
d) Under a light post
Explanation:
Lightning arrester causes earthing. Therefore, a safe place during thunderstrom is inside a house that has a lightning arrester on the top of it.
Question 4: What will be the total charge stored in the system, if +q, +2q, +3q, +4q, …… (up to +20q) charges?
a) 20q
b) 420q
c) 210q
d) 190q
Explanation:
By the propety Additivity of Electric Charges, we can say that q(1+2+3+....+20) = 210q.
Question 5: How much positive and negtaive charge does a cup of water (250 ml) have?
Explanation:
